Mutual Funds — Investment Vehicles: Complete 101 Guide

Last updated: March 2026

What are Mutual Funds?

Mutual funds pool money from multiple investors to invest in securities (stocks, bonds, money market instruments) managed by professional fund managers.

Key Entities

EntityRole
AMCAsset Management Company
TrusteeInvestor protection
CustodianSafekeeping of assets
RTATransaction processing

Types of Mutual Funds

By Asset Class

TypeRiskExample
EquityHighSmallcap, Largecap
DebtLowCorporate bonds, Gilt
HybridMediumBalanced funds
Money MarketLowLiquid funds

By Structure

  • Open-ended: Buy/sell anytime
  • Closed-ended: Fixed tenure
  • Interval: Limited trading periods

How to Invest

SIP vs Lump Sum

ModeBenefit
SIPRupee cost averaging
Lump SumMarket timing

SEBI Regulations

  • Total Expense Ratio (TER) caps
  • Risk profiling requirement
  • Standard terminology
  • Investor grievance mechanism

Consumer Rights

  • Transparent fee structure
  • Portfolio disclosure
  • Redemption within 3 business days
  • SEBI grievance portal access